How to Use a Fire Extinguisher

There’s a reason most homeowners feel nervous around fire extinguishers, because by the time you’re thinking about using one, something’s already gone very wrong.

Maybe it started as a sparking outlet or a burning smell behind the wall. Maybe you heard a pop and saw smoke curling up from your breaker panel. In those moments, panic is normal. But reaching for the wrong thing, or using the right tool the wrong way, can quickly turn a small flame into a much bigger problem.

At Integra Electrical, we’ve seen the aftermath of electrical fires caused by everyday items: air fryers, extension cords, and overloaded panels. We’ve also seen the difference a properly used fire extinguisher can make. The good news? You don’t need to be an expert to act safely. You just need to be prepared and to know when not to try and handle it on your own.

Before the end of this article, you’ll know:

• The 4 steps to using a fire extinguisher (PASS method)
  
• When to use it and when to walk away
• What kind of fire extinguishers are safe for electrical fires
• What to do after the fire is out

Let’s start with something most people don’t realize: not all fires, or fire extinguishers, are the same.

Fire Extinguisher Types

Before you grab an extinguisher, it’s important to know what kind of fire you’re facing, because using the wrong type can make things worse.

Fires are grouped into categories:

• Class A Fire Extinguisher - Designed for ordinary combustible materials like wood, paper, or fabric. These are the most common type of extinguisher and are typically found in homes, offices, and schools to handle everyday fire risks.
  
  
• Class B Fire Extinguisher - Made for flammable liquids such as gasoline, grease, and oil-based paints. They are often kept in garages, workshops, or areas where fuels and solvents are stored.
  
  
• Class C Fire Extinguisher- Intended for electrical fires caused by wiring, appliances, or outlets. This class prevents the risk of electrocution while putting out the fire, making it essential for homes and workplaces with electrical equipment.
  
  
• Class K Fire Extinguisher - Specifically designed for kitchen fires involving cooking oils and fats. These are most common in commercial kitchens but can also be a valuable safety tool for avid home cooks.
  
  
• ABC Fire Extinguisher - Most homes are safest with a multi-purpose ABC extinguisher, which can handle the majority of small household fires. These are typically dry chemical units and are clearly labeled for use on A, B, and C fires. Never use water on electrical or grease fires, as that can make the situation far more dangerous.

For a deeper dive on extinguisher types, the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) offers a helpful overview.

How to Use an ABC Fire Extinguisher: The PASS Method

In an emergency, every second counts. That’s why fire safety professionals use a simple four-step guide to make using an extinguisher fast and effective: PASS.

P – Pull the pin
This breaks the tamper seal and allows the extinguisher to discharge.

A – Aim low
Point the nozzle at the base of the fire—not the flames—so you’re targeting the fuel source directly.

S – Squeeze the handle
 This releases the extinguishing agent. Keep the pressure steady.

S – Sweep side to side
Move the nozzle in a controlled side-to-side motion across the base of the fire until it’s fully out.

Stand 6 to 8 feet away, approach only if the fire is small and contained, and always leave yourself a clear exit path. If the fire begins to grow or you feel unsafe at any point, evacuate immediately and call 911.
For fire types involving wiring, panels, or appliances, you can learn more in our article on how to put out an electrical fire safely.

When Not to Use a Fire Extinguisher

Fire extinguishers are powerful tools, but they’re not always the right solution.
If any of the following apply, don’t try to fight the fire. Leave immediately and call 911:

• The fire is too large or spreading quickly - If it’s climbing the walls, moving across the ceiling, or creating heavy smoke, don’t wait. Get out.
  
• You’re unsure what’s burning
   Certain materials, like lithium batteries or chemicals, can react dangerously to standard extinguishers.
  
• You don’t have the right type of extinguisher
   Using a water-based unit on a grease or electrical fire can make the situation worse.
  
• The room is filling with smoke
   Even if the fire seems small, smoke can quickly make it dangerous to breathe or see.
• You don’t feel confident
   If you’ve never used an extinguisher and feel panicked, it’s safer to leave than to hesitate while the fire grows.
  
  Keep in mind: your safety comes first. Fire extinguishers are for small, contained fires that you catch early. If you’re not 100% sure you can put it out quickly, the best decision is often to evacuate and let professionals handle it.
  

  After the Fire Is Out: Now What?

  Even if the flames are gone, your home might not be in the clear. Fires, especially electrical ones, can leave behind heat damage, compromised wiring, or unseen risks behind your walls. Extinguishers handle symptoms, but they don’t fix the cause.
  That’s why we recommend having your electrical system inspected after any fire incident, no matter how minor it seemed. A professional evaluation can confirm whether it’s truly safe to turn the power back on, or whether hidden damage needs to be addressed before something worse happens.
  
  If you’ve recently had a scare, or you’re not sure your home would be ready for one, schedule your evaluation today. We’ll help you feel confident your home is safe, and stay that way.

  Frequently Asked Questions

  What type of fire extinguisher do I need for electrical fires?

   Look for a Class C or multi-purpose ABC extinguisher. These are rated for electrical fires and are safe to use on wiring, outlets, or appliances. Never use a water-based extinguisher on anything involving electricity.
  

  Can I use water on a fire if I turn the power off first?

   It’s not worth the risk. Even if the power seems off, live wires or unseen damage could still be dangerous. Stick with a proper extinguisher.
  

  Where should I keep my fire extinguisher?

   Keep one in the kitchen, one near your electrical panel, and one in the garage or workshop. Make sure they’re visible, easy to grab, and not blocked by clutter.
  

  Do fire extinguishers expire?

   Yes. Most last 5 to 15 years, depending on the model. Check the label for an expiration or manufacture date, and replace if you’re unsure.
  

  What kind of extinguisher do you provide during the home evaluation?

   We provide a Class ABC dry chemical extinguisher, suitable for most home fires, including electrical. It’s free with every home electrical safety evaluation, because we believe peace of mind shouldn’t come with a price tag.